How to Use a Weighted Blanket in Occupational Therapy

Weighted blankets have gained significant attention within the field of occupational therapy, thanks to their ability to promote relaxation, manage stress, and improve overall patient outcomes. For occupational therapists, they represent a versatile tool that bridges the gap between sensory therapy and practical interventions. But how exactly do weighted blankets work? What are their benefits, and how can you choose the best weighted blanket for your patients? This post will explore these questions and equip you with the knowledge to integrate weighted blankets effectively into your practice.

Introduction to Weighted Blankets in Occupational Therapy

A weighted blanket is a therapeutic tool designed to provide gentle, evenly distributed pressure across the body. Traditionally filled with materials like plastic pellets or glass beads, these blankets apply what is known as “deep touch pressure” (more on this in the next section).

Their origins in occupational therapy trace back to sensory integration techniques used to help children and adults with sensory processing disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Over time, their use has expanded to address a wide range of conditions, including anxiety, insomnia, and even chronic pain. Today, weighted blankets are a staple in many therapy rooms and practices worldwide.

The Science Behind Weighted Blankets

How Do Weighted Blankets Work?

The secret behind a weighted blanket’s effectiveness lies in its pressure application. The weight evenly presses against the body, stimulating deeper skin receptors and mimicking the pressure typically experienced during a therapeutic massage or a comforting hug.

This stimulation is part of a process known as proprioceptive input, which enhances body awareness and helps regulate sensory responses. By calming the nervous system, weighted blankets reduce stress hormones like cortisol while encouraging the production of feel-good hormones such as dopamine and serotonin.

The Deep Touch Pressure (DTP) Theory

Deep touch pressure (DTP) is the underlying mechanism driving the success of weighted blankets. By exerting firm yet gentle pressure on the body, DTP triggers the parasympathetic nervous system, which induces a state of calmness and relaxation.

This effect is particularly beneficial for individuals with heightened sensory sensitivities, as it helps decrease arousal and promote a more grounded state. Studies have shown that DTP can lower heart rate and blood pressure, both critical factors in reducing anxiety and stress.

The Benefits of Weighted Blankets in Occupational Therapy

Weighted blankets bring a wealth of physical, emotional, and psychological benefits for a variety of patients. Here’s how they make a difference in occupational therapy practice:

Improved Sleep

Patients experiencing restlessness, insomnia, or difficulty winding down often benefit from the soothing effects of a weighted blanket. By calming the nervous system, the blanket fosters deeper and more restorative sleep cycles.

Reduced Anxiety and Stress

The pressure of the blanket activates the parasympathetic nervous system, helping patients feel more secure and reducing their overall stress levels. This is particularly beneficial for patients managing generalized anxiety, PTSD, or other anxiety-based conditions.

Enhanced Focus and Attention

For individuals with ADHD or sensory processing challenges, weighted blankets can help reduce sensory overload and improve focus. This has proven particularly useful for children in classroom or therapy settings.

Chronic Pain Relief

The gentle weight can alleviate muscle tension and encourage blood flow, making weighted blankets a viable option for managing chronic pain or fibromyalgia.

Choosing the Right Weighted Blanket

Not all weighted blankets are created equal, and a “one-size-fits-all” approach simply won’t work in occupational therapy. To choose the best weighted blanket for your patients, consider the following factors:

Weight: A general rule of thumb is to choose a blanket that weighs about 10% of the user’s body weight. For children, ensure it’s not overly heavy to prevent discomfort or safety issues.
Size: Choose a size that comfortably covers the user without excessive overhang. Larger blankets work well for beds, while smaller ones may be ideal for lap usage.
Materials: Prioritize soft, breathable fabrics like cotton or a blend of cooling fibers to ensure comfort. Hypoallergenic materials may be necessary for patients with sensitivities.
Fillings: Look for non-toxic fillings like glass beads for a smooth, silent experience compared to plastic pellets.
Durability: Weighted blankets used in therapy settings must withstand frequent use. Check for reinforced stitching and machine-washable options for practicality.

How to Wash and Care for Weighted Blankets

Given their size and materials, weighted blankets require specific care to maintain their longevity and hygiene. Here’s a step-by-step guide to ensure proper cleaning in both personal and clinical settings.

Check the Care Label: Always start by reviewing the care instructions provided by the manufacturer. Some weighted blankets are machine washable, while others require spot cleaning or professional laundering.
Pre-Treat Stains: Gently treat any stains with a mild detergent or stain remover before washing.
Use a Gentle Cycle: If machine washable, wash the blanket on a gentle cycle with cold water to prevent damage to the interior filling.
Use Appropriate Detergent: Choose a mild, fragrance-free detergent to avoid allergic reactions or buildup.
Dry with Care: Avoid high heat. Use a low tumble-dry setting or lay the blanket flat on a clean surface to air-dry.
Maintain Hygiene: For clinical settings, consider protective, removable covers that can be washed more frequently to ensure hygiene.

Transforming Occupational Therapy with Weighted Blankets

Weighted blankets are far more than just a comfort item—they are powerful tools in the hands of occupational therapists. By addressing physical, emotional, and sensory needs, they can significantly enhance the quality of life for patients with diverse conditions.

If you haven’t explored incorporating a weighted blanket into your practice, now is a great time to start. Whether your goal is to improve sleep, reduce anxiety, or enhance sensory integration, weighted blankets offer a practical and effective solution.

The information provided on this website is for general informational purposes only. It is not intended as, nor should it be considered, professional or medical advice. Always consult a professional regarding your specific medical issue.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are weighted blankets suitable for all patients in occupational therapy?

While weighted blankets can be beneficial for many patients, it is essential to consider individual needs and sensitivities. Occupational therapists should assess each patient’s specific conditions, comfort level, and medical history to determine the appropriateness of using a weighted blanket in their therapy.

How do weighted blankets work in occupational therapy?

Weighted blankets apply gentle pressure and deep touch stimulation to the body, which can have a calming and soothing effect. This sensory input can help promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, improve sleep quality, and assist with sensory regulation for patients with conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, anxiety disorders, and sensory processing disorders.

What weight should be selected for a weighted blanket in occupational therapy?

The weight of a weighted blanket should typically be around 10% of the patient’s body weight, plus or minus a few pounds, depending on individual preferences and therapist recommendations. It is crucial to consult with the patient and their occupational therapist to determine the most appropriate weight for their specific needs.

Can weighted blankets replace other therapeutic techniques in occupational therapy?

Weighted blankets are a valuable tool in occupational therapy, but they should not be seen as a replacement for comprehensive therapy approaches. They can be used as a complementary intervention alongside other therapeutic techniques and strategies tailored to the patient’s individual goals and needs.

References:

Eron, K., Kohnert, L., Watters. A., Logan, C., Weisner-Rose, M., Mehler, P.S. Weighted Blanket Use: A Systematic Review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2020, Vol. 74(2), 7402205010p1–7402205010p14. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.037358.

Gee, B. M., Peterson, T. G., Buck, A., & Lloyd, K. (2016). Improving sleep quality using weighted blankets among young children with an autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 23, 173–181.

Grandin, T. (1992). Calming effects of deep touch pressure in patients with autistic disorder, college students, and animals. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2, 63–72.

Losinski, M., Cook, K., Hirsch, S., & Sanders, S. (2017). The effects of deep pressure therapies and antecedent exercise on stereotypical behaviors of students with autism spectrum disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 42, 196–208.